Key Takeaways:
- Heat stress occurs when the body produces more heat than it can dissipate, and can be avoided by staying hydrated, avoiding heavy physical work, and wearing light clothing.
- Heat exhaustion and heat stroke are serious conditions that can be treated by moving to a cool environment, resting, and rehydrating.
- Staying out of the sun during the hottest parts of the day, using sunscreen, and wearing protective clothing can help prevent heat stroke and UV damage.
- Older adults, people with chronic illnesses, and those taking certain medications are at higher risk of heat-related illnesses.
- UV exposure can cause skin cancer, sunburn, and eye damage, and can be prevented by using sunscreen, wearing protective clothing, and seeking shade.
Introduction to Heat Stress
Heat stress occurs when we produce more body heat than normal, and it can be a serious condition if not treated promptly. According to Jim Cotter, a professor at the University of Otago school of physical education, humans are designed to deal with heat better than any other species. However, when we produce more heat than we can dissipate, or when the environment adds to our body heat, it can lead to heat stress. The easiest way to avoid heat stress is to avoid hard physical work, heavy clothing, and intense exercise on a hot day. Cotter emphasizes that what we do and what we wear are key factors in preventing heat stress.
Understanding Heat Exhaustion and Heat Stroke
Heat exhaustion and heat stroke are two serious conditions that can occur when the body is exposed to high temperatures. Heat exhaustion causes symptoms such as dizziness, nausea, and muscle cramps due to overheating, and can be treated by moving into the shade, resting, and rehydrating. Heat stroke, on the other hand, is a medical emergency that occurs when the body temperature rises to the point where it disrupts bodily functions. The effects of heat stroke can be worse in older people and those with chronic illnesses, and can be treated by removing the person from direct sunlight, rehydrating them, and cooling them down. According to Eggleton, recognizing the signs and symptoms of heat stroke, such as facial flushing, dizziness, and nausea, is crucial in treating the condition promptly.
Preventing Heat Stroke
To avoid heat stroke, it is essential to stay out of the sun during the hottest parts of the day, particularly around midday. Using sunscreen, wearing a broad-brimmed hat and light, loose clothing, and drinking plenty of water can also help. Eggleton emphasizes the importance of being aware of neighbors and whānau who are elderly or have chronic illnesses, as they may not be aware that they are suffering from heat effects. Additionally, staying hydrated and taking regular breaks in cool environments can help prevent heat stroke.
The Risks of UV Exposure
New Zealand has high levels of UV radiation from the sun, which can cause skin cancer, sunburn, and eye damage. According to Dr. Bronwen McNoe, senior research fellow at Otago University, UV levels don’t always rise when it’s hotter, and it’s essential to protect the skin from the sun regardless of the temperature. Those with an increased risk of getting skin cancer include outdoor workers, people with fair skin, and those with a personal or family history of skin cancer. McNoe emphasizes that even short periods in the sun without protection can cause skin damage, and that sunburn and skin changes can happen quickly, especially for people with fair skin.
Protecting Against UV Damage
To protect against UV damage, it’s essential to stay in the shade, stay hydrated, and wear protective clothing such as long sleeves, a sun-protective hat, and sunglasses. Using sunscreen with at least SPF 30, preferably 50, can also help prevent UV damage. McNoe advises reapplying sunscreen throughout the day, especially when exercising or swimming outside, as water and sweat can dissolve it. Additionally, taking off clothing to cool down can increase the risk of UV damage, so it’s essential to protect the skin from the sun even when trying to cool down.
Conclusion
In conclusion, heat stress, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke are serious conditions that can be prevented by staying hydrated, avoiding heavy physical work, and wearing light clothing. UV exposure can also cause skin cancer, sunburn, and eye damage, and can be prevented by using sunscreen, wearing protective clothing, and seeking shade. By being aware of the risks and taking steps to protect ourselves, we can enjoy the outdoors while minimizing the risks associated with heat and UV exposure.
