Key Takeaways
- 2025 was the second worst year on record for glacier loss in western Canada, with an estimated 30 gigatonnes of glacial ice lost.
- The main factor contributing to glacier loss is warmer temperatures, driven by rising greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel use.
- The loss of glacial ice can have a direct and devastating impact on the environment and economy, including reduced water supply and impacts on river levels and hydro power.
- The Canadian government has committed to fighting climate change, but faces challenges in balancing economic growth with emissions targets.
- Glacial researchers emphasize the need for urgent action to reduce fossil fuel use and mitigate the effects of climate change.
Introduction to Glacier Loss
The United Nations designated 2025 as "The International Year of Glaciers’ Preservation," but a northern B.C. climate researcher has revealed that last year was actually the second worst year on record for glacier loss in western Canada. According to Brian Menounos, a professor of earth sciences at the University of Northern British Columbia, the glaciers are disappearing much faster than previously projected. Menounos estimates that some 30 gigatonnes of glacial ice were lost in the region last year, which is equivalent to the entirety of B.C.’s Okanagan Lake. This alarming rate of glacier loss is primarily driven by warmer temperatures, which are in turn fueled by rising greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel use.
Causes of Glacier Loss
Menounos and a team of international researchers have been tracking global glacial health using satellite and aircraft observation, as well as on-the-ice sampling. Their research has shown that the first and foremost factor contributing to glacier loss is warmer temperatures. This is because warmer conditions cause snow grains to get larger and optically darker, creating a feedback loop that increases glacial melt. Additionally, the lack of snow in late summer also plays a significant role in glacier loss, as it changes the reflectivity of the glacier surfaces. Winter snowfall, even during heavy seasons, cannot replace the lost ice mass, making it a significant concern for glacial health.
Impact of Glacier Loss
The loss of glacial ice can have a direct and devastating impact on the environment and economy. Mark Ednie, a glaciologist with the Geological Survey of Canada, notes that glaciers are like "keeping water in the bank" and that once they are gone, it will have a significant impact on the amount of water available for human consumption. In B.C., which is home to some 17,000 glaciers, glacial melting also impacts river levels that are critical to fish runs and hydro power. The consequences of glacier loss are far-reaching and will have significant effects on the environment, economy, and human societies.
Government Response to Climate Change
Both federal and provincial governments say they are committed to fighting climate change, but face challenges in balancing economic growth with emissions targets. The federal government’s Climate Action Plan promises to "Have it Both Ways" and commits to meeting emissions targets while maintaining economic growth. However, this approach has been criticized by glacial researchers like Menounos, who argue that the choice between the economy and climate is a false dichotomy. Menounos notes that fossil fuels have been important for the livelihood of Canada and other developed countries, but come with a tremendous cost. The government’s decision to build new fossil fuel facilities, such as the expansion of north coast LNG facilities and a possible northern pipeline, has been met with criticism from environmentalists and glacial researchers.
Conclusion and Call to Action
In conclusion, the loss of glacial ice in western Canada is a pressing concern that requires urgent attention and action. The main factor contributing to glacier loss is warmer temperatures, driven by rising greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel use. The consequences of glacier loss are far-reaching and will have significant effects on the environment, economy, and human societies. It is essential that governments take immediate action to reduce fossil fuel use and mitigate the effects of climate change. This can be achieved through a transition to renewable energy sources, increased energy efficiency, and sustainable land use practices. Ultimately, it is crucial that we prioritize the health of our planet and take action to preserve our glaciers for future generations.