Key Takeaways:
- Bioluminescence is a phenomenon caused by certain species of microscopic plankton that can create light
- The plankton are found in the ocean and can be triggered to glow by disturbances in the water, such as waves or boat propellers
- The recent bloom in Pāpāmoa, New Zealand, is likely due to a combination of factors, including fast-warming seawater temperatures, longer and sunnier days, and a "bolt" of nutrients from the deep
- The bioluminescence is not harmful to most swimmers, but some species of plankton can cause rashes for people with sensitive skin
- The bloom can attract other, larger species and can potentially lead to a more toxic bloom if it gets "out of control"
Introduction to Bioluminescence
The phenomenon of bioluminescence has been captivating the attention of large crowds in Pāpāmoa, New Zealand, with its mesmerizing display of blue waves. The effect is caused by certain species of microscopic plankton that can create light, particularly plant plankton such as dinoflagellates. These tiny organisms can produce light to attract food, communicate with each other, or as a chemical response to their metabolism. The recent bloom in Pāpāmoa has been described as a spectacular sight, with the blue waves lighting up the ocean and running down the shore.
The Science Behind Bioluminescence
According to University of Waikato Professor of Coastal Science Chris Battershill, the bioluminescence is triggered by disturbances in the water, such as waves, boat propellers, or even a dolphin swimming. The plankton’s metabolic response to these disturbances causes them to glow, resulting in the stunning display of blue light. Battershill explained that the recent bloom in Pāpāmoa is likely due to a combination of factors, including fast-warming seawater temperatures, longer and sunnier days, and a "bolt" of nutrients from the deep. The strong westerly winds in the area have also played a role, pushing surface water out to sea and replacing it with an "upwelling" of nutrient-rich water.
The Impact of Bioluminescence
While the bioluminescence is a breathtaking sight, it is essential to consider its potential impact on the environment and human health. Battershill noted that the plankton are unlikely to harm most swimmers, but some species can cause rashes for people with sensitive skin. If the bloom gets "out of control," it could lead to a more toxic bloom, which could show up as a "red tide," where the water would turn blood red. The "productivity" in the water could also travel up the food chain, attracting other, larger species. In fact, Tauranga scientists and divers have already reported seeing long strings of salps and comb jellyfish in the area.
Viewing the Bioluminescence
For those interested in witnessing the bioluminescence, Battershill recommended visiting Pāpāmoa on a clear night with a bit of swell from the beach or from a boat. The effect is best seen at high tide, around 9:30 pm, and can be viewed for days or weeks, depending on nutrients, warmth, and sunlight. However, it is crucial to exercise caution when visiting the beach at night, especially with high swells, and to keep children away from the water. The bioluminescence has also been reported at other locations, such as Strathmore Bay, where the ocean was seen "glowing with thick, widespread blue bioluminescence as far as the eye could see along the beach."
Conclusion and Future Implications
The bioluminescence in Pāpāmoa is a remarkable natural phenomenon that has captivated the attention of many. While it is a beautiful sight to behold, it is essential to consider its potential impact on the environment and human health. As the ocean continues to warm, it is likely that such events will become more frequent, and it is crucial to monitor and study these blooms to better understand their effects. By doing so, we can work towards mitigating any potential harm and preserving the health of our oceans for future generations. As Battershill noted, the bioluminescence is a sign that summer is on the way, and with it, a reminder of the importance of protecting our marine ecosystems.